Zute dayamọnd kacha ukwuu achọtara n'ụwa

diamond ọ na-akpalite ọtụtụ mmasị na mmetụta uche, ọ dị ka ihe anwansi, ihe omimi - na ọ bụ naanị ụdị carbon n'ụdị crystalline. Nke a nkume bara uru nke ukwuun'ihi na ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-apụta naanị na omimi nke ihe karịrị otu narị mita na iri ise site na elu ụwa. A na-emepụta diamond n'okpuru mmetụta nke oke okpomọkụ na nrụgide. Nke a ihe kacha sie ike n'ụwaEkele maka nke a, na mgbakwunye na ọla, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ.

Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke diamond

Ozugbo a na-egbuke egbuke, diamond na-aghọ diamond na-egbuke egbuke, na-egbuke egbuke mara mma, na-egbuke egbuke na nke zuru oke - nke mere na ọ bụ ihe na-achọsi ike na nkume bara uru na ọla. Ruo ogologo oge ngwaahịa a bara ezigbo uru. Ejikọtara ya na mba ndị dị ka India, Egypt, na Gris, ebe Alexander Onye Ukwu wetara nkume ndị a - na n'ezie Africa. Lodewijk van Bercken bụ onye mbụ webatara usoro eji eme ka diamond na-egbuke egbuke. N'oge ochie a kwenyere na bara nnukwu uru nwere ikike nzuzo dị ukwuu. E kweere na ọ na-echebe megide ọrịa na ndị mmụọ ọjọọ. Otú ọ dị, n'ụdị ntụ ntụ, ndị dọkịta na-eji ya agwọ ọrịa dị iche iche.

diamond kasị ukwuu n'ụwa - Cullinan

A na-akpọ diamond kasịnụ Cullinan. ma ọ bụ Big Star nke Africa. Onye nche m bụ Frederick Wells chọtara ya. Nke a mere na Pretoria, South Africa. Ibe dị na ụdị nke mbụ tụrụ 3106 carats (gram 621,2!), na nha ya 10X6x5 cm.

N'ụzọ doro anya, na mmalite ọ dị ọbụna karị; a gbajiri ya - onye ma ọ bụ ihe, a maghị ya. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ikpeazụ, nkume ahụ anọgideghị na nke a. Gọọmentị Transvaal zụtara bara nnukwu uru maka £150. N'afọ 000, e nyere ya Eze Edward VII n'ememe ncheta ọmụmụ 1907th ya. Eze Edward nyere iwu ka ụlọ ọrụ Dutch kewaa nkume ahụ n'ime akụkụ 66 - 105 obere na 96 buru ibu, nke a na-edozi. E nyere ha onyinye n'ụlọ akụ London, ma mgbe ahụ, site na 6, a na-achọ akara ngosi steeti mma n'ụdị diamond.

Ebe a na-egwuputa ihe - dayamọnd kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, Cullinan, bụ ebe a

Achọtara Cullinan na Premier Mine (nke akpọrọ Cullinan na South Africa kemgbe 2003), nke dị kilomita 25 n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke isi obodo South Africa Pretoria. A chọtara diamond na 1905, ihe na-erughị afọ 2 mgbe mmalite nke ọrụ nke ogbunigwe ahụ gasịrị, nke na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke narị afọ ya nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu nke diamond siri ike na-eru ihe karịrị 100 carats (ihe karịrị 300 nkume) na karịa 25% nke diamond siri ike niile. na-atụ ihe karịrị carats 400 ka e gwupụtarala.

Ola diamond ochie emepụtara na Premier Mine gụnyere:

1) Taylor-Burton (240,80 carats); 2) Premier Rose (353,90 carats); 3) Niarchos (426,50 carats); 4) Centenary (599,10 carats); 5) Jubili ọla edo (755,50, carats 6); 27,64) Obi ebighi ebi (11 carats), na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na XNUMX ọzọ diamond na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke mejupụtara mkpokọta De Beers Millennium De Beers ama ama.

Nke m ruo otu narị afọ ọ gara n'ime oké ifufe. E mechiri ya nke mbụ n’ime afọ abụọ ka ntiwapụ nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ na 1914 gasịrị. Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe, nke ụlọ ọrụ mara dị ka "Great Depression" ma ọ bụ "Great Hole", mechiri ọzọ na 1932. Ọ ghere oghe. ma mechie (ọ naghịkwa arụ ọrụ n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ) malitere ịkwụsị mkpa ya ruo 1977, mgbe De Beers weghaara ya. Mgbe e jidere ya, e mere mkpebi dị ize ndụ ka ọ gbasaa site na 70-mita oyi akwa nke nkume mgbawa ugwu na-egbochi ịbanye na nkume kimberlite nke dị na omimi nke 550 m na chimni kimberlite, atụmatụ ahụ gụnyekwara nrigbu na-esote nke nkume kimberlite, ma ọ bụ kama nke ahụ, ụwa na-acha anụnụ anụnụ - ụwa na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke na-eme ka breccia na-agba diamond n'ezie, ọ bụrụhaala na a chọtara nkwụnye ego diamond, nrigbu nke ga-aba uru n'ụzọ akụ na ụba. Ihe ize ndụ ahụ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma na ogbunigwe ahụ malitere ịkwụ ụgwọ. N'afọ 2004, ogbunigwe Cullinan mepụtara 1,3 nde carats nke diamond. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eme nri nke nkwụnye ego na omimi nke 763 m, n'otu aka ahụ, nyocha nke geological na ọrụ nkwadebe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ ahụ dị omimi nke na-erughị 1100 m. Nke a ga-ekwe ka mmịpụta nke diamonds na ụwa. A ga-agbatị ebe m kacha ama ama maka afọ 20-25 ọzọ.

Akụkọ na akara aka nke diamond kasị ukwuu n'ụwa

Na Jenụwarị 26, 1905, onye njikwa Prime Minister, Captain Frederick Wells, chọtara nnukwu kristal diamond n'obere ịda mbà n'obi dị nso na nsọtụ ebe a na-egwupụta ihe. Akụkọ banyere nchoputa ahụ ruru ndị nta akụkọ ozugbo, nke mere atụmatụ atụmatụ atụmatụ nke diamond ahụ dị ihe dị ka nde US $ 4-100, na-eduga na mmụba mberede na oke òkè Premier (Transvaal) Diamond Mining Ltd site na 80%. kristal Cullinan achọtara na nsọpụrụ Sir Thomas Major Cullinan, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na onye nyocha nke ogbunigwe.

TM Cullinan pụtara na 1887 na Johannesburg (South Africa) dị ka otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị sonyere na "agba ọsọ ọla edo", nke butere ọtụtụ puku ndị na-atụ anya ọla edo na ndị njem na South Africa. Cullinan na-eme ihe malitere ọrụ azụmahịa ya site n'ịrụ ogige maka ndị ọbịa si n'akụkụ ụwa nile, obodo nta na obodo dum, ebe o mere akụ ya. Na mmalite 90s, ya na otu ndị enyi tọrọ ntọala Driekopjes Diamond Miting Co., bụ nke mere ọtụtụ nchọpụta nke diamonds, na ọrụ ya kwụsịrị na November 1899 site na ntiwapụ nke agha dị n'etiti Boers (Afrikaners, ụmụ ụmụ Dutch colonists). onye biri na South na narị afọ nke 1902).Africa) ya na ndị Britain (nke a na-akpọ Agha Boer nke Abụọ). Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Cullinan, ka ọ na-aga n'ihu n'ọrụ nyocha ya, chọtara ebe nchekwa diamond alluvial dị nso na isi obodo South Africa nke Pretoria na Transvaal, ógbè ndị Dutch na-achị mgbe ahụ. A na-enye mmiri nke ọtụtụ iyi, ebe isi mmalite ya dị n'ugbo Elandsfontein, nke W. Prinsloo nwere. N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, Prinsloo jụrụ ọtụtụ onyinye na-enye nnukwu ego iji regharịa ugbo ahụ. Otú ọ dị, njedebe nke Agha Boer nke Abụọ na May XNUMX na ịnyefe Thraswal na nchịkwa Britain pụtara na ndị agha Britain meriri n'ugbo ahụ mebiri ugbo ahụ, ọ dabara na mbibi ego na onye nwe ya nwụrụ na ịda ogbenye obere oge ka e mesịrị.   

Cullinan nyere ndị nketa Prinsloo £ 150 maka ịgbazinye ugbo ahụ na-adịgide adịgide (a ga-akwụ ya na nkeji nkeji) ma ọ bụ £ 000 na ego maka ịregharị ugbo ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, na 45 Nọvemba 000, Cullinan zụtara ugbo ahụ maka £7 wee nyegharịa ụlọ ọrụ ya aha Driekopjes Diamond Mining Premier (Transvaal) Diamond Mining Co. N'ime ndị guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na ndị nwe ya bụ Bernard Oppenheimer, nwanne nwoke nke okenye nke Ernest Oppenheimer, mechara bụrụ onye ntụzi De Beers Consolidated Mines.

N'ime ọnwa abụọ, e gwupụtara ya. 187 carats nke diamond nke akwadoro site na nchoputa nke chimni kimberlite ziri ezi. Na June 1903, nchịkwa Transvaal nyere iwu ụtụ isi nke pasent 60 na uru nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, bụ nke na njedebe nke afọ emepụtala carats 749 nke diamonds nke bara uru na £ 653.

Nchọpụta nke Cullinan na 1905 kpatara nnukwu mmetụta.nke ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka ọtụtụ na kediegwu mgbako, echiche na akụkọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, n’ajụjụ ọnụ, Dr. Molengraaf, bụ́ onyeisi oche nke Kọmịshọna Ngwuputa Ngwuputa South Africa, kwuru na “Cullinan bụ nanị otu n’ime iberibe kristal anọ a chọtara, na akụkụ atọ ndị ọzọ yiri nke ahụ ka dị n’ihe ndina.” Agbanyeghị, ekwenyebeghị ozi a.

N'April 1905, e zigara Cullinan na London Premier (Transvaal) Diamond Meeting Co., S. Neuman & Co., ebe ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ n'ihi na nke ahụ bụ ogologo oge o were Kọmitii omebe iwu Transwald kpebie ịzụta diamond. N'oge ahụ, ndị isi Afrikaner, Generals L. Botha na J. Smuts, na ndị ọchịchị Britain kwurịtara ka ha nwee nrụgide na kọmitii ahụ na nkwekọrịta ya na-ere nkume ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, ntinye aka nke onye nnọchi anya odeakwụkwọ maka Colonies, onye mechara bụrụ Prime Minister nke United Kingdom. Great Britain site na W. Churchill, n'ihi nkwado nke kọmishọna na August 2, rere Cullinan maka 1907 pounds sterling. Eze Edward nke Abụọ nke Britain, site n'aka odeakwụkwọ nke Ọchịchị Lord Elgin maka Ndị Ọchịchị, kwupụtara ọchịchọ echekwabara ma jiri obi ya nye ịnara diamond ahụ dị ka onyinye dị ka "ihe akaebe nke ikwesị ntụkwasị obi na ịhụnanya nke ndị Transvaal n'ocheeze. na eze.”

Esemokwu maka ịdị arọ nke diamond kacha ibu

Ọ bụ ezie na Cullinan bụ otu n'ime diamond ndị ama ama na akụkọ ntolite.Ọ bụ ezie na edepụtala ihe onwunwe ya na mmalite ya nke ọma, enweela arụmụka dị ukwuu banyere oke ya. Ha bilitere n'ihi enweghị ụkpụrụ mba ụwa na nhazi nke unit nke uka na carats. "Carat Bekee", nke kwekọrọ na oke 0,2053 g, na "Dutch carat", na-atụ 0,2057 g, dị iche na "metric carat" na-eru 0,2000 g.

A tụrụ Cullinan ozugbo ahụrụ ibu ahụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị otu Prime Minister 3024,75 English caratswee tulee n'ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ London ọ tụrụ 3025,75 carats Bekee. Ihe dị iche nke otu carat n'okwu a bilitere n'ihi enweghị iwu na iwu kwadoro nke nha na akpịrịkpa. A tụrụ Cullinan ozugbo tupu nkewa nke J. Asscher & Co. na Amsterdam na 1908 o nwere oke nke 3019,75 Dutch carats ma ọ bụ 3013,87 carats Bekee (2930,35 metric carats).

Diamond egweri Cullinan

Nchọpụta nke Cullinan na South Africa na 1905 dabara na mbọ nke General L. Bothy na onye ọchịchị South Africa bụ J. Smuts iji mepụta Union of South Africa. Ha jisiri ike mebie ọchịchị Transvaal inye Cullinan nye Eze Edward VII nke England (r. 1901–1910) dịka onyinye maka ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya na 9 Nọvemba 1907. Mgbe ahụ onyinye a dị $150. Paụnd ahụ tụrụ anya na diamond, n'ihe ọ pụtara, ga-anọchi anya "Africa ka ukwuu", nke chọrọ ịghọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke okpueze Britain.

Ụlọ ọrụ J. Usher & Co. Na February 6, 1908, ọ malitere inyocha diamond ahụ, nke kpughere ọnụnọ nke ntinye abụọ a na-ahụ anya na anya gba ọtọ. Mgbe ụbọchị anọ nke nyocha gasịrị iji chọpụta ntụziaka nke nkwụsịtụ, usoro nkwụsịtụ malitere. Mma ahụ mebiri na mbọ nke mbụ, diamond ahụ kewara ụzọ abụọ na mbọ ọzọ. Otu n'ime ha tụrụ 1977,50 1040,50 na nke ọzọ 2029,90 1068,89 Dutch carats (14 1908 na 2 1908 metric carats n'otu n'otu). Na 29/20/7, a na-ekewa diamond buru ibu ụzọ abụọ. Ichacha ndị Cullinan m malitere na Maachị 12, 1908, na imecha Cullinan nke Abụọ malitere na Mee 1908 n'otu afọ ahụ. A na-achịkwa usoro nhazi diamond dum site na onye na-egbu anụ nwere ahụmahụ 14, H. Coe. Ọrụ na Cullinan M weghaara ọnwa XNUMX wee wuchaa ya na Septemba XNUMX, ebe Cullinan II na ndị ọzọ nke Big Nine diamond na-egbu maramara na njedebe nke October XNUMX. Ndị na-egweri atọ na-arụ ọrụ maka awa XNUMX nke ọ bụla, na-ehichapụ nkume. nkịtị.

Enyere Cullinan I na II n'ihu Eze Edward VII na Windsor Palace na 21 October 1908. Eze ahụ tinyere diamond n'ọla okpueze ahụ, ma nke kasị ukwuu n'ime ha bụ onye eze kpọrọ aha Great Star of Africa. Eze nyere nkume ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ eze: Cullinan VI ka e nyere nwunye ya Queen Alexandra na diamond ndị fọdụrụ ka e nyere nwa nwanne nwanyị Queen Mary n'oge emume nke di ya bụ George V dị ka eze England.

Mkpokọta raw Cullinan agbaala Nkume 9 buru ibu na-atụ ngụkọta nke 1055,89 carats., gụnyere nọmba m ruo IX, nke a maara dị ka Big Nine, a ka nwere obere diamond 96 na-agbakọta carats 7,55 na carats 9,50 nke mpempe akwụkwọ na-adịghị mma. Dị ka ụgwọ ọrụ maka polishing J. Asher, ọ natara 96 ​​obere diamonds. N'ọnụ ahịa diamond ndị dị ugbu a, Asher nwetara ọtụtụ puku dollar US maka ọrụ ya. Ọ resịrị ndị ahịa dị iche iche diamond niile, gụnyere Prime Minista South Africa Louis Botha na Arthur na Alexander Levy, ndị ahịa diamond a ma ama na London.

Gemological e ji mara kullian

Kemgbe mmalite 80s, Crown jewelers Garrard & Co. ha na-ehicha mgbe niile ma, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na-arụkwa ọla ndị Britain Crown Jewel nke echekwara na Tower nke London n'oge February. Na 1986-89, na mgbakwunye na nchekwa nke nkume dị oké ọnụ ahịa, e mere nnyocha ha n'okpuru nduzi nke A. Jobbins, ogologo oge director nke Gemstone Testing Laboratory nke Great Britain - GTLGB (ugbu a GTLGA - Gemstone Testing Laboratory of Great Britain). -A). E bipụtara nchoputa ahụ na 1998 na mbipụta nwere mpịakọta abụọ nke isiokwu ya bụ The Crown Jewels: The History of the Coronation Jewels in the House of Jewels at the Tower nke London, nke e bipụtara na naanị 650 mbipụta na ọnụ ya na £ 1000.

Cullinan I - àgwà

A na-eji mkpisi rụọ diamond ahụ nke ejiri ọla edo edo edo, nke ejiri mkpanaka eze na-akwado okpueze na obe. Emere mkpanaka ahụ na 1660-61 mana emezigharịrị ya ọtụtụ oge, ọkachasị na 1910 mgbe ndị jewelers Garrard & Co. Kullinan I.

• uka - 530,20 agba.
• Ụdị na ọdịdị nke ịkpụ - mara mma, akwa anya mmiri na-egbu maramara nke nwere akụkụ 75 (41 na okpueze, 34 na pavilion), rondist nwere ihu.
• akụkụ - 58,90 x 45,40 x 27,70 mm.
• agba - D (na ọnụ ọgụgụ GIA), Osimiri + (na ọnụ ọgụgụ Old Okwu).
• ọcha - akọwaghị nke ọma, ma nkume a gụnyere na klas Air Force.
• O nwere ihe ndị a akara ọmụmụ ime na mputa (Fig 1):

1) obere akara atọ nke chipping: otu na okpueze dị nso na sọlfọ na abụọ na pavilion na isi bevel nke pavilion dị nso na kollet; 2) bevel ọzọ na ihu rondist nke okpueze; 3) obere mpaghara nke ọka n'ime enweghị agba n'akụkụ rondist.

• diamond ịkpụ, nke, n'agbanyeghị, n'ihi ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na nke mmetụta uche enweghị ike ịme (uru akụkọ ihe mere eme pụrụ iche, ọla okpueze, akara nke ike nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain, wdg), ga-enwe obere ibu, ma a ga-agụ ya n'etiti. FL nke ịdị ọcha kachasị elu (enweghị ntụpọ).
• nha na àgwà ịkpụ - akọwapụtaghị nke ọma.
• na-egbuke egbuke - adịghị ike, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha ntụ ntụ maka radieshon ultraviolet dị mkpụmkpụ.
• phosphorescence - adịghị ike, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere ogologo oge dị ihe dị ka nkeji iri na asatọ.
• absorption ụdịdị - ahụkarị maka ụdị diamond II, na absorption zuru oke nke radieshon n'okpuru 236 nm (Fig. 2).
• ụdịdị infrared - njirimara nke diamond dị ọcha na-enweghị adịghị ọcha ọ bụla nke ụdị IIa (Fig 3).
• pụtara - abaghị uru.

Cullinan II - njirimara

A na-eji mkpisi rụọ diamond ahụ ejiri ọla edo edo edo mee, nke bụ ebe etiti okpueze Britain. Emere okpueze ahụ na 1838 na Cullinan II ka etinyere na ya na 1909. Ọdịdị nke okpueze dị ugbu a malitere na 1937, mgbe e wughachiri ya ma gbanwee ya site na jewelers si Garrard & Co. maka nchichi nke George VI. na 1953 site na Queen Elizabeth II (elu ya belatara nke ukwuu).

• uka - 317,40 agba.
• ụdị na ọdịdị nke ịkpụ - a fancy, ochie diamond, na-akpọ "oge ochie" (eng. Kushion) na 66 ihu (33 ọ bụla na okpueze na pavilion), chere ihu rondist.
• akụkụ - 45,40 x 40,80 x 24,20 mm.
• agba - D (na ọnụ ọgụgụ GIA), Osimiri + (na ọnụ ọgụgụ Old Okwu).
• ọcha - dị ka ọ dị na Cullinan I, ọ dịghị nkọwa doro anya, ma nkume ahụ bụ nke òtù Air Force. O nwere atụmatụ ime na mpụta ndị a (Fig 4):

1) akara mgbawa abụọ dị n'ihu nke iko; 2) ọkụ scratches na iko; 3) obere bevel ọzọ na chamfer na sọlfọ dị n'akụkụ nke pavilion; 4) obere mmebi abụọ (olulu), jikọtara site na microscopic traces nke chipping n'akụkụ akụkụ ihu nke iko na isi rim; 5) ntakịrị ihe n'akụkụ rondist nke okpueze dị nso na rondist, jikọtara ya na ihe okike.

• diamond a na-egbu maramara dị ka Cullinan A ga-enye m ọkwa dị ka FL nke ịdị ọcha kachasị elu (enweghị ntụpọ).
• nha na àgwà ịkpụ - akọwapụtaghị nke ọma.
• na-egbuke egbuke - adịghị ike, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha ntụ ntụ maka radieshon ultraviolet dị mkpụmkpụ.
• phosphorescence - adịghị ike, greenish; ma e jiri ya tụnyere Cullinan I ọ dị mkpụmkpụ, naanị sekọnd ole na ole. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-egbutu diamond abụọ site na otu kristal, ihe na-egbuke egbuke nke otu nkume na-enweghị phosphorescence na nke ọzọ bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na ihe kpatara ya akọwabeghị ya.
• absorption ụdịdị - ahụkarị maka ụdị II ola diamond, mara obere absorption band nke kacha na a wavelength nke 265 nm na mkpokọta absorption nke radieshon n'okpuru 236 nm (Fig. 2).
• ụdịdị infrared - dị ka ọ dị na Cullinan I, njirimara nke diamond dị ọcha na-enweghị adịghị ọcha ọ bụla, nkewa dị ka ụdị IIa (Fig 3).
• pụtara - abaghị uru

Osikapa. 3 Cullinan I na II - ụdị nnabata infrared (dị ka Cullinan Diamond Centennial K. Scarratt & R. Shor si kwuo, Gems & Gemmology, 2006)

N'ịdị arọ 3106 carats, Cullinan bụ diamond siri ike kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. 2005 akara afọ 2008 kemgbe achọpụtara ya, yana afọ 530,20 kemgbe ọ na-egbuke egbuke J. Asher. 546,67-carat Cullinan I bụ diamond nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu mgbe Golden Jubilee gasịrị, diamond aja aja 546,67-carat achọtara na Premier Mine, diamond Jubilee na-esote, diamond aja aja 1990-carat achọtara na Premier Mine (Cullinan) (South Africa) ma bee na XNUMX, Cullinan I na-anọgide na-abụ diamond doro anya na-enweghị agba. Cullinan I na II bụ ọla ndị ama ama n'ụwa, na-adọta ọtụtụ nde ndị njem nleta na Tower Museum na London kwa afọ. Ha na-anọ n'ebe a ma ama na nke dị mkpa n'etiti British Crown Jewels na, n'ihi akụkọ ihe mere eme ha bara ụba, na-anọgide na-abụ akara ngosi nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain n'ogo nke ike ya.

Nnukwu ite itoolu nke ola diamond kacha ukwuu - Cullinans

Kullinan I (Great Star of Africa) - otu dobe na-atụ 530,20 carats, nke etinyere na mkpanaka Eze (Royal) na Cross, ugbu a na nchịkọta nke Ụlọ elu, London.Kullinan II (Star nke abụọ nke Africa) bụ ihe ochie nwere akụkụ anọ 317,40 carat nke Imperial State Crown mebere ugbu a na mkpokọta ụlọ elu London.Kullinan III - a dobe na-atụ 94,40 carats nke okpueze Queen Mary, nwunye nke Eze George V; ugbu a na mkpokọta nzuzo nke Queen Elizabeth II.Cullinan IV - ihe ochie nke square nke na-eru carats 63,60 nke okpueze Queen Mary, nwunye nke Eze George V; ugbu a na mkpokọta nzuzo nke Queen Elizabeth II.Kullinan V - obi nke na-eru carats 18,80 nke otu brooch nwere nke Queen Elizabeth II hiwere.Cullinan VI - Marquise nke dị carat 11,50 nke ejiri olu olu nke Queen Elizabeth II kpụrụ ya.Cullinan VII - Ụlọ ntu 8,80 carat nke Cullinan VIII mere na pendant nke Queen Elizabeth II.Cullinan nke Asatọ bụ 6,80ct emezigharịrị ochie pendant nke Cullinan VII nwere nke Queen Elizabeth II.Cullinan IX - anya mmiri na-atụ carats 4,39 nke mgbanaka Queen Mary, nwunye Eze George V mere; ugbu a na mkpokọta nzuzo nke Queen Elizabeth II.

Ebee ka ha nọ taa, oleekwa otú e si eji cullinans, diamond kasị ukwuu, mee ihe?

Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Cullinan nwere njikọ chiri anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke British Crown Jewels.. Ruo narị afọ atọ, a na-eji okpueze abụọ mee okpueze nke ndị eze na ndị eze Bekee, okpueze steeti na nke a na-akpọ Edwardian okpueze, okpueze nke Charles II. Eji okpueze a mee ihe dị ka okpueze mkpuchi ruo oge George III (1760-1820). N'oge echichi nke nwa Queen Victoria, Eze Edward VII (1902), ha chọrọ iweghachi omenala a. Otú ọ dị, ka eze ahụ na-agbake site n'ọrịa siri ike, a gbahapụrụ okpueze ahụ dị arọ, bụ́ nke a na-eyi nanị n'oge ememe ochichi. A maliteghachiri ọdịnala ahụ naanị na nchichi nke nwa Edward, King George V, onye chịrị site na 1910 ruo 1936. N'oge emume ncheta, a na-agbanwe okpueze Edward mgbe niile maka okpueze steeti. Eze George nke Isii (nwuru 1952) na ada ya nwanyị, Queen Elizabeth II, onye ka na-achị taa, ka edoro okpueze n'otu aka ahụ. Akụkọ banyere Imperial State Crown malitere na Queen Victoria, bụ onye chịrị site na 1837 ruo 1901. Ebe ọ bụ na okpueze ndị inyom dị adị ahụghị ya n’anya, ọ rịọrọ ka e mee okpueze ọhụrụ maka okpueze ya. Ya mere, o nyere iwu ka e wepụ nkume ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa na ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ochie ochie ma jiri okpueze ọhụrụ chọọ ya mma - okpueze ala. N'oge emume ochichi ya, Victoria yiri naanị okpueze ọhụrụ emere ya karịsịa. Ngwongwo a magburu onwe ya na nke dị oké ọnụ ahịa bụ ihe nnọchianya na-adọrọ adọrọ na nke pụrụ iche nke ike Victoria. Cullinan III na IV na-agbakwunye okpueze nke Queen Mary, nwunye Eze George V.

diamond nke abụọ kasị ukwuu n'ụwa - Millenium Star

diamond nke abụọ nwere oke pụrụiche bụ Kpakpando Millennium. A mụrụ ya site na nugget nke nha ya ruru 777 carats. Achọpụtara ya na Democratic Republic of Congo na 1999. A ka amabeghị onye chọtara akụ a. E mere mgbalị iji zoo eziokwu nke nchọpụta nke akụ a, ma ọ nweghị isi. N'ihi ọnụọgụ anwansi ya, a kwenyere na nkume a na-eweta chi ọma. Mgbe achọpụtara ebe obi ụtọ a, puku kwuru puku ndị mmụọ na-agba ọsọ ka ha chọọ diamond ọzọ - ma ọ dịghị onye ọzọ mere ya.

Ụlọ ọrụ De Bers a ma ama nwetara ihe bara nnukwu uru. Mgbe ahụ, a na-etinye nugget ahụ n'ọrụ ogologo oge na-arụsi ọrụ ike - ịkpụ diamond na polishing. N'ihi ya, mgbe nhazichara ihe a magburu onwe ya, a rere ya. 16 na ọkara nde dollar.

Nke atọ kasị ukwuu diamond n'ụwa - Regent

A na-akpọ diamond ọzọ dị ịtụnanya regent ma ọ bụ nde mmadụ ọ bụ ịdị ukwuu 410 carat. Na mgbakwunye na ya nnukwu ibu, ọ bụkwa ihe pụrụ iche ruru ka zuru oke ịkpụ. A chọtara ya na 1700. N'ihi Gọvanọ Madras, e bufere ya na Europe. Ebibiri diamond a na London wee zụta ya site n'aka onye ọchịchị France. A na-ewere diamond a dị ka nke kachasị mma n'ihe gbasara ịkpụ.

N'oge mgbanwe French, ọ dị mwute ikwu na e zuru diamond a. E weghachiri ya ruo 1793. Ọ dị na Louvre kemgbe narị afọ nke XNUMX, yana ọla ndị eze France nwere.

Ola diamond ndị ọzọ ama ama nke ụwa

Ị na-eche ihe diamond ndị ọzọ ama ama na phenomenal n'ụwa dị ka? Nke a bụ ndepụta zuru oke nke ndị kacha mkpa:  

E gosipụtara diamond ndị ama ama n'ụwa na foto a:

1. Onye ukwu Mogul,

2. I 11. Regent,

3. na 5. Diament Florensky,

Kpakpando nke 4 na nke iri na abụọ nke ndịda,

6. Sansi,

7. Dresden green diamond,

8th na 10th Koh-i-Noor nwere mkpụcha ochie na nke ọhụrụ.

9. Olileanya bụ diamond na-acha anụnụ anụnụ

Ola diamond ama ama - nchịkọta

Ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, diamond nwere ike ịtụgharị isi, na-adọrọ mmasị echiche ma kpasuo nrọ nke okomoko na akụ na ụba. Ha maara ka esi maa mma, mgbagwoju anya na imeju mmadụ - nke a bụkwa eziokwu ruo taa.

Gụọkwa akụkọ gbasara isiokwu ahụ "ọla na nkume ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa n'ụwa:

Mgbanaka agbamakwụkwọ ndị ama ama n'ụwa

Mgbanaka agbamakwụkwọ ndị ama ama n'ụwa

TOP5 obere akpa ọla edo kacha ukwuu n'ụwa

Amber kasị ukwuu n'ụwa - gịnị ka ọ dị?